First-Time Homebuyer Programs
First-Time Homebuyer Programs in Virginia (2026)
Virginia offers 2 first-time homebuyer programs that can reduce your upfront costs on a $421,882 home. The state's loan programs start with as little as 3% down — $12,656 — and the Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant can cover up to $8,500 of that.
Max DPA assistance
$8,500
The largest grant or low-interest loan a state DPA program will put toward your down paymentHow much could these programs actually save you?
Virginia has 2 first-time buyer programs to choose from — the Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant alone can put up to $8,500 toward your down payment.
New to this? Quick definitions
- First-time buyer —
- despite the name, this usually just means you haven't owned a primary residence in the past 3 years. You can qualify even if you owned a home before.
- DPA (down payment assistance) —
- a grant or low-interest loan that covers some or all of your down payment, so you don't have to save the whole amount yourself.
- FHA / USDA / VA loan —
- government-backed loan types with lower down payment and credit score requirements than a typical conventional loan. FHA is open to most buyers; USDA covers eligible rural areas; VA is for veterans and active military.
- Income limit —
- the maximum household income allowed to qualify for a program, usually set relative to the area's median income. Earn above it and you're not eligible, regardless of the home price.
- Homebuyer education requirement —
- a short course (often 6-8 hours, sometimes online) many programs require you to finish before closing. It's a checklist item, not a test you can fail out of.
- PMI / MIP —
- private mortgage insurance (conventional loans) or mortgage insurance premium (FHA loans) — an extra monthly cost required when your down payment is below 20%, protecting the lender, not you.
Virginia First-Time Buyer Programs at a Glance
2 state-administered programs currently available
Virginia Housing Conventional Loan
Virginia Housing (formerly VHDA)
Max Loan
$832,750
Min Down Payment
3% ($12,656)
Income limit: Varies by area; Northern Virginia up to $185,000 for households of 1–2 persons
First-time requirement: Must not have owned a primary residence in the past 3 years; minimum 620 credit score
Available through Virginia Housing-approved lenders statewide; free homebuyer class required
Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant
Virginia Housing
Max Assistance
$8,500
Repayment
Grant — no repayment ever required
Income limit: Same as Virginia Housing first mortgage income limits
First-time requirement: Must meet Virginia Housing first mortgage eligibility
Up to 2%–2.5% of purchase price as a grant; amount depends on loan type
Mistakes first-time buyers make
- Assuming "first-time buyer" means literally never having owned — most programs only require not owning in the past 3 years, so you may already qualify.
- Leaving the homebuyer education course until the last minute; it can take days to weeks to schedule and complete, and some programs won't let you close without it.
- Missing an application deadline or income-limit recheck because the DPA program is processed separately from the mortgage itself.
- Never comparing the state program against a plain FHA or conventional loan — sometimes the state option isn't actually the cheapest path.
Pro tips
- Find a lender approved for Virginia's specific state programs before you start shopping — not every mortgage lender participates.
- Ask whether you can combine a down payment assistance program with the first-time buyer mortgage program; many are designed to stack.
- Start the homebuyer education course as soon as you decide to buy, so it's already done by the time you're under contract.
- Double check the income limit against your household's gross income before falling in love with a program — limits are strict cutoffs, not guidelines.
Down Payment Scenarios at Virginia's Median Price
Based on $421,882 median home price
| Loan Type | Down % | Down Amount | Loan Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| State Program (Virginia Housing Conventional Loan)state program | 3% | $12,656 | $409,226 |
| FHA Loan | 3.5% | $14,766 | $407,116 |
| Conventional (3%) | 3% | $12,656 | $409,226 |
| Conventional (5%) | 5% | $21,094 | $400,788 |
| Conventional (20%) | 20% | $84,376 | $337,506 |
| DPA offset: Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant can cover up to $8,500 of your down payment — reducing your 3% out-of-pocket from $12,656 to as low as $4,156. | |||
FHA vs. Conventional Payment Calculator
Pre-loaded with Virginia's median price of $421,882 and current rate of 6.4%
Mortgage Estimator
Virginia rates pre-loaded
Monthly Payment
$3,202
estimated all-in payment (PITI)
Tax and insurance estimates use national averages. For Virginia-specific numbers, see the full breakdown below.
Excludes HOA fees. Rates and costs are estimates; actual costs vary.
Full Calculator →Virginia Conforming Loan Limits (2026)
Loans above these limits require jumbo financing with stricter credit and reserve requirements
Standard Limit
$832,750
Most counties in Virginia
High-Cost Areas Limit
$1,209,750
Designated high-cost counties
How Much Home Can You Afford in Virginia?
Most programs require a debt-to-income ratio under 45%. Enter your income to see what you qualify for at 6.4%.
Mortgage Affordability Calculator
See what you can comfortably afford — not just what a lender will approve — at 6.4% with your income and debts.
Open Calculator →Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) in Virginia
Required on conventional loans with less than 20% down — typically 0.5%–1.5% of the loan per year until you reach 20% equity
At 5% Down
$334/mo
est. PMI at 1% rate
At 10% Down
$221/mo
est. PMI at 0.7% rate
PMI cancels automatically when your loan balance reaches 80% of original home value (78% per law). FHA loans carry MIP for the life of the loan unless you put 10%+ down.
PMI Calculator
Calculate your monthly private mortgage insurance cost and when it cancels — pre-loaded with Virginia's median home price of $421,882.
Open Calculator →How to Apply for Virginia First-Time Buyer Programs
- 1
Check your credit and DTI
Most Virginia programs require a minimum 620 credit score and DTI under 45%. Pull your free credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com and calculate your debt-to-income ratio before shopping lenders.
- 2
Find an approved lender
Virginia's state programs are only available through lenders approved by Virginia Housing (formerly VHDA). Visit the program website for the lender directory — not all mortgage lenders participate.
- 3
Complete homebuyer education
Many Virginia programs require a HUD-approved homebuyer education course before closing. These take 6-8 hours and can be completed online for $25-$75. Complete this early to avoid closing delays.
- 4
Get pre-approved
Pre-approval locks in your rate and confirms program eligibility. For Virginia programs, bring 2 years of tax returns, 2 months of bank statements, recent pay stubs, and photo ID. The lender handles the state program paperwork.
- 5
Apply for down payment assistance (if using DPA)
Apply for the Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant at the same time as your mortgage — they must be coordinated. The Virginia Housing processes DPA separately from the primary lender. Grant — no repayment ever required.
- 6
Close and record
At closing, your DPA funds are applied directly to your down payment and closing costs. Budget 45-60 days from application to keys. Closings in Virginia do not require an attorney.
FHA Loan Payment Calculator — Virginia
Pre-loaded with Virginia median price and current rate at 3.5% FHA minimum down.
Mortgage Estimator
Virginia rates pre-loaded
Monthly Payment
$3,393
estimated all-in payment (PITI)
Tax and insurance estimates use national averages. For Virginia-specific numbers, see the full breakdown below.
Excludes HOA fees. Rates and costs are estimates; actual costs vary.
Full Calculator →Down Payment Savings Calculator
How long to save for a Virginia home at $421,882
Down Payment Planner
Virginia median pre-loaded
Your Savings Plan
Timeline
14.1 yrs
saving $500/mo
No PMI at 20% down
20% or more avoids private mortgage insurance entirely.
Estimate only — does not include investment returns on savings.
Full Calculator →Frequently Asked Questions
- Who qualifies as a first-time homebuyer in Virginia?
- Most Virginia programs define first-time buyers as those who have not owned a primary residence in the past 3 years. Must not have owned a primary residence in the past 3 years; minimum 620 credit score. This means you can qualify even if you previously owned a home.
- What is the minimum down payment for first-time buyers in Virginia?
- Virginia's state mortgage programs allow down payments as low as 3% — that's $12,656 on a $421,882 home. FHA loans also allow 3.5% down ($14,766). Conventional loans (loans not backed by a government agency) with less than 20% down typically start at 3-5% but require private mortgage insurance (PMI).
- How much down payment assistance is available in Virginia?
- Virginia's Virginia Housing Down Payment Assistance Grant offers up to $8,500 in down payment assistance. Repayment terms: Grant — no repayment ever required. Income limits apply: Same as Virginia Housing first mortgage income limits.
- Can I use Virginia programs with an FHA loan?
- Many Virginia first-time buyer programs are compatible with FHA loans. FHA allows 3.5% down with credit scores as low as 580, making them attractive for buyers with limited savings. At the current Virginia median price of $421,882, FHA's 3.5% down is $14,766. Confirm compatibility with your specific state program administrator.
- What credit score do I need for Virginia first-time buyer programs?
- Most state mortgage programs require a minimum credit score of 620–640. FHA loans allow scores as low as 580 for 3.5% down, or 500–579 for 10% down. Higher credit scores (680+) typically unlock the best rates under Virginia's program. Your DTI ratio (total monthly debt ÷ gross income) generally must be below 45-50%.
- How long does the Virginia homebuyer program process take?
- State-backed programs add 2-4 weeks to a standard 30-day closing because they require income verification and approval from the state agency, not just the lender. Plan for 45-60 days from application to close. Working with a lender approved by Virginia Housing (formerly VHDA) speeds this process significantly.
- Are Virginia first-time buyer programs available statewide?
- Available through Virginia Housing-approved lenders statewide; free homebuyer class required Income and purchase price limits vary by county, so buyers in high-cost areas may face tighter eligibility. Some programs may have waitlists — apply early.
Related Calculators
FHA Loan Calculator
See your full FHA payment with MIP for a $421,882 Virginia home
Down Payment Savings Calculator
How long to save your down payment at different monthly savings rates
DTI Calculator
Check if your debt-to-income ratio qualifies for state programs
PMI Calculator
Estimate your private mortgage insurance cost and when it drops off
Mortgage Payments by Price
Full PITI breakdown for 8 home prices in Virginia, from $200K to $750K
What to do next
You've seen the programs, the numbers, and the process — here's where to go depending on where you're stuck.
Not sure you qualify?
Check the income limit and first-time requirement listed for each program above — most only require not owning a home in the past 3 years.
Need help with the down payment too?
See down payment assistance programs in Virginia — many can be combined with the first-time buyer programs above.
Ready to apply?
Find an approved lender through the program's administrator website and start homebuyer education early — it can take weeks.